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Education


November 21, 2006

Education End-Around


New York's Court of Appeals, the state's highest court, has drawn down its own number for how much additional aid New York City's schools are due to fund a "sound and basic" education from at least $4 billion to about $2 billion. While both numbers are more or less made from whole cloth (and while the court is in fact unable to compel the legislature to spend any given sum, which is part of why the case is now in its second decade and still ongoing), the lower number is good news for Eliot Spitzer, who when all is said and done just gained about a billion dollars in loose funds he'll badly need as he inherits the state's fast-spending, slowly sinking ship.

There's an irony in the court backing into a lower number to "correct" the state's school funding mechanism, since the state formula is itself a political agreement dressed up as a formula, so that the winners fight furiously against any sensible reform that might reduce their cut.

Factor in the extent to which education spending in the state outside of New York City is a function of local property taxes, and the complicated set of state rebates to shift the burden around, and you have a system intended to defy analysis and reform. So far, it's working perfectly.

More coming in our next featured essay…

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November 16, 2006

The Feds Eye Higher Learning


Universities, now so central to the economies of post-industrial cities, are nervous about Education Secretary Margaret Spellings' plans to overhaul the nation's higher education system. Spelling's take:

“If you want to buy a new car, you go online and compare a full range of models, makes and pricing options,” she says. “The same transparency and ease should be the case when students and families shop for colleges, especially when one year of college can cost more than a car.”

Some don't like the car analogy. Choosing a college is a more like choosing a spouse — it can't be quantified, says Patricia McGuire, president of Trinity University in Washington, D.C.

While any method of measuring academic quality will create some undeserving winners and losers and a motive to teach (or administer) to whatever standards or tests, that nonetheless seems a poor argument for shirking data altogether. Then again, it's equally unclear why the federal government should be doing the measuring.



It's not just Republicans who are questioning universities' exemptions from accountability. The NCAA, which is being forced to defend its tax-exempt status, is arguing that "The fundamental purpose of intercollegiate athletics is the education of student-athletes in both the classroom and on the field or court… The scale of the sport does not alter the fundamental purpose." Yes, this is every bit as dumb and dishonest as it sounds.

The NCAA's letter was in response to this blistering inquiry from outgoing Ways and Means chair Bill Thomas. And incoming chair Charlie Rangel has made clear he's equally interested in holding the Association's feet to the fire. Meanwhile, an annual letter last week from the IRS said a priority for 2007 would be income unrelated to the tax-exempt purpose of colleges and universities—which surely means they too will be taking a close look at the exemption (which, by the way, only applies to monies spent to further an institution's academic mission in some way other than simply generating revenue).

There's a long tradition of Congress getting involved in sports, and of long hearings with little follow-through. My gut is we'll have high profile hearings, followed by the NCAA agreeing to whatever new self-regulations, and then business as usual, with business of course as the operative word, except for the big sport student-athletes (for whom athletes, of course, is the operative word).

And just because, here's a highlight from the great manager and nonsense speaker Casey Stengel's 45 minutes of testimony before Congress in 1958 about Major League Baseball's monopoly exemption. When asked if his team would keep winning, Stengel replied:

"Well, I will tell you I got a little concern yesterday in the first three innings when I saw the three players I had gotten rid of, and I said when I lost nine what am I going to do and when I had a couple of my players I thought so great of that did not do so good up to the sixth inning I was more confused but I finally had to go and call on a young man in Baltimore that we don't own and the Yankees don't own him, and he is doing pretty good, and I would actually have to tell you that I think we are more like a Greta Garbo-type now from success."

Stengel was followed by Yankees slugger Mickey Mantle, who cut to the chase: "My views are just about the same as Casey's."

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November 15, 2006

An Election Year Education Miracle


Education expert Sol Stern takes a look in the latest issue of City Journal at the magic jump in test scores at PS 33 in New York, a school in one of the poorest parts of the Bronx, where 100% of the students qualify for free lunch, which last year had an unheard of 50 percent election year jump in reading scores. While the mayor held a press conference at the school to tout the incredible gains, he's been unable to explain what he called an "historic" and "record-breaking" improvement.

And this year, the same students have suffered an equally historic collapse–of the 87% of last year's fourth graders who read at or above grade level, only 47.5% have managed to achieve the same standard as fifth graders.

Principal Elba Lopez isn't around to explain—after collecting a $15,000 bonus for her incredible work last year, she promptly retired, having boosted her pension by some $12,000 a year for life.

It's time for an explanation and an investigation; we'll see if either is forthcoming.

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October 24, 2006

Quick Hits—Vanishing Public School Students


  • Otis White looks at fast declining public school enrollments in cities across the West Coast, including a 10,000 student drop from a year ago in California, the first statewide dip in 25 years.
  • Baltimore is "one of those odd American cities that lies in no county; instead, it dangles in the water, surrounded by a ragged blob of land… a monkey wrench hanging from the Mason-Dixon Line, which makes Baltimore City the bolt -- one that has been tightened a hair too much." The city Baltimore most closely resembles is New Orleans: Both retain a rakish 19th century charm and police forces and court systems to match that make them ideal locations for novels and novelists.
  • The Times looks at the housing market and uncovers the obvious—"the housing burden is not carried uniformly, and it is particularly daunting for those with low or stagnant wages who have had to deal with the reality of escalating real estate costs. In that respect, some say, Kansas is not all that different from Manhattan or anyplace else."
  • On the list of the 100 cities with the lowest ratio of home value to household income, all are small cities and 31 of the top 50 are in Texas. On the flip side, 35 of the 50 cities with the most leveraged homes are in California, and a lot more are cities you've heard of. Both lists from the addictive to browse city-data.com.
  • Julia Vitullo-Martin sees cause for hope in Newark.

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    October 19, 2006

    A Regular Ritual


    Out-of-towners continue to moon over Mayor Bloomberg's handling of the New York City school system, as in this dispatch from L.A., where the City Council has just appointed a new superintendent with no prior educational experience, just weeks before the mayor is supposed to gain the power to hire and fire the superintendent, and this one from D.C., where shoe-in candidate for mayor Adrian Fenty, who's vowed to push for expanded control of the city's schools, recently met with Bloomberg to seek his pedagogical counsel

    Bloomberg brags that he's broken through the "politics of paralysis" and says of control that "The public wants a mayor who stands up and says, 'This is what I believe and this is why I believe it. I was elected the mayor, and this is what we're going to do. See me in four years, and if you don't like it, throw me out.' "

    Oddly enough, he failed to mention that since he's term-limited out in 2009, voters have no such recourse.
    MI senior fellow and education expert Sol Stern offers quite a different take:

    It is becoming almost a regular ritual in New York City. A recently elected, or about to be elected, mayor of another large city visits New York and is taken by Mayor Bloomberg on a Potemkin Village tour of a few schools. In front of the news cameras  the schools are then hyped as making miraculous progress. Earlier in the year it was Los Angeles’ new Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa who did the obligatory tour; last week it was the likely next mayor of Washington DC, Adrian M. Fenty. In both cases the visiting mayors dutifully announced that these “turnaround” schools were living proof that mayoral control of the education system is working in Gotham and ought to be the model for  their own cities. So far it’s been a win win political opportunity for all of the chief executives. Mayor Bloomberg burnished his national image and the visiting mayors got a pre packaged platform for education reform.

    Certainly the dismal school systems in Los Angeles and the nation’s capital could benefit from a radical shake-up. Residents of both cities are understandably frustrated by the sorry state of their public schools. But before they turn over control of their schools lock, stock and barrel to their mayors they ought at least to demand a little more honesty about the academic improvement—or lack of it—registered by New York City’s 1.1 million students during the years of mayoral control.  Despite the hype coming from these mayoral tours, the fact is that student test scores have remained stubbornly flat in New York City. So far, the public has not seen the bigger bang for the buck that mayoral control promised.

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    October 16, 2006

    Quick Hits-Coast to Coast Crooks


    —We'll have more on recidivism posted later this week. In the meantime, here's would-be A.G. Moonbeam on Oakland's returning prisoners [subscriber only link] in the weekend Wall Street Journal:

    As attorney general, Mr. Brown wants to target prisoner recidivism in California, where roughly 120,000 convicts are released annually, and 80,000 returned to prison annually. "They have 8th-grade reading levels, no skills, their attitudes are bad, many are addicted to drugs and they are coming back to disrupt the community," he says. "That's why I'm putting GPS bracelets on them in Oakland. Whether they are active enough that we can root them out of certain neighborhoods at curfew and enforce it -- well, I am at least attempting to compensate for the failed parole system."

    —Is there a Villaraigosa-Schwarzenegger alliance in the making? The governor's appointment of the mayor's sister "to a $149,160-a-year judgeship on the Los Angeles County Superior Court" has some Democratic Party loyalists fuming. The Phil Angelides gubernatorial campaign has accused the mayor of placing his family’s finances above his duties to the Democratic party. More likely Villaraigosa would like to see Angelides lose so that he can run for governor in four years when the term-limited Schwarzenegger has to step down."

    —And a slap at Villaraigosa, as the Board of Education unanimously selected a new superintendent, retired Navy Vice Admiral David L. Brewer III, an education neophyte, just weeks before new legislation is scheduled to take effect giving the mayor substantial authority over local schools, including the functional ability to veto the hiring and firing of superintendents.

    Villaraigosa, who won office in part because of black voters disenchanted with then-mayor James Hahn for his decision to fire black Police Chief Bernard Parks, will have to be cautious in criticizing the board's choice of Brewer, who is black.

    —Miami may be known for its pay-to-play culture, but Orlando is making strides. It turns out the Magic, who are in the midst of a deal to build a new arena with about $280 million in taxpayer subsidies, have been caught paying $200,000 in "shut-up money" to well-known radio host, political consultant and so-called "Voice of the People" Doug Guetzloe. The arrangement came just after a report that Guetzloe had been paid $107,500 by the Orlando-Orange County Expressway Authority, an agency he's often criticized, for a two page report.

    The Magic's pay-offs were made through the team's law firm, which it turns out has paid another half a million dollars to Guetzloe over the past 10 years, with payments frequently coinciding with the radio host playing a politically active role in cities where the firm faced opposition to development projects they represented.

    —In St. Louis, still more allegations of voter fraud directed at the left wing and supposedly grassroots group ACORN.

    —In D.C., thugs are going where the money is.

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    October 11, 2006

    Jersey Guts


    While there are few things New Yorkers enjoy more than making fun of New Jersey, EJ McMahon pointed out to me yesterday that nothing like the idea of selling or leasing the Jersey Turnpike, which could be worth upwards of $20 billion for the state, has come up in New York, even in the midst of a gubernatorial election. The Turnpike Authority is the third largest toll-collecting authority in the nation with more than $700 million in annual revenue, more than $500 million of which comes from the Turnpike, which spans from the Delaware to New York crossings into the Garden State.

    Part of the appeal of such a move would be to free up money that’s presently locked into debt and school construction payments for new investments .

    And Jersey’s schools have problems of their own:

    In Newark, sky-high spending and a state takeover of a public school system that had previously functioned as more hiring service than educational provider has led to nothing in the way of academic results. New mayor Corey Booker is looking to reassert control over the system, beginning with creating a safe and orderly environment within the classroom, prior to the return of the school system to the city next year, at which point he’ll be pushing for direct mayoral control, new charter schools and possibly vouchers, which he’s flirted with supporting in the past.

    The control battle is headed in the opposite direction in Camden, which presently faces a grade and test falsifying scandal, a grand jury investigation, a state AG’s investigation of a former superintendent for paying herself unauthorized performance bonuses, and an ongoing probe by acting State Education Commissioner Lucille Davy.

    In response, the district kicked off its year with a pep rally, where School Board President Philip Freeman bragged that "This board has not hesitated to take on issues time and time again, and not only take on issues, but effectively move forward from one crisis to the next." I can believe it.

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    April 19, 2006

    Villaraigosa's "Revolution?"


    In a typical year the promise by the Mayor of America’s most under-policed city, Los Angeles, to expand the LAPD by 1,000 officers over the next four years, to be paid for by an increased trash fee, would be the lead story.
    But in yesterday’s state of the city speech Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa announced at a charter school that he was staking his mayoral reputation and political future on remaking the Los Angles Unified (County) School District. His proposal, based in large part on Mike Bloomberg’s takeover of the New York City Schools, would bypass local voters by seeking the approval of Sacramento to replace the current school district with a council of mayors, which would then pick a CEO who would be given broad powers to streamline the bureaucracy. With Los Angeles representing eighty percent of the counties' students, the mayor of LA would dominate the council.
    Villaraigosa, a former teacher, whose wife still teaches in the public schools, has taken pains to reach out to his former allies in organized labor who are the chief opponents of the reforms. But this is a fight he can win.
    The limited success of New York's experiment with mayoral control should serve as a caution. There is probably no alternative to a far more decentralized alternative that replaces the dead hand of the teacher’s contracts with a heavy emphasis on charter schools and vouchers. But the LA Daily News probably got it right when it argued in an editorial that the “breakup of the district will never go anywhere until this mayoral-control debate is played out.”

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  •  

    BOOKS

    The Millennial City: A New Urban Paradigm for 21st-Century America


    The Entrepreneurial City: A How-To Handbook for Urban Innovators


    Miracle in East Harlem: The Fight for Choice in Public Education


    The Dream and the Nightmare: The Sixties' Legacy to the Underclass


    New York Unbound: The City and the Politics of the Future



    RESEARCH

    Making Cities Skilled


    An Evaluation of the Effect of D.C.'s Voucher Program on Public School Achievement and Racial Integration After One Year


    The Effect of Residential School Choice on Public High School Graduation Rates


    Public High School Graduation and College-Readiness Rates: 1991-2002


    An Evaluation of Florida's Program to End Social Promotion


    The Teachability Index: Can Disadvantaged Students Learn?


    Pushed Out or Pulled Up? Exit Exams and Dropout Rates in Public High Schools


    Sex, Drugs, and Delinquency in Urban and Suburban Public Schools


    Public High School Graduation and College Readiness Rates in the United States


    When Schools Compete: The Effects of Vouchers on Florida Public School Achievement


    Apples to Apples: An Evaluation of Charter Schools Serving General Student Populations


    Vouchers for Special Education Students: An Evaluation of Florida's McKay Scholarship Program


    What Parents Think of New York's Charter Schools


    This Works: Improving Urban Education


    Testing High Stakes Tests: Can We Believe the Results of Accountability Tests?


    Effects of Funding Incentives on Special Education Enrollment


    Public School Graduation Rates in the United States


    Rising to the Challenge: The Effect of School Choice on Public Schools in Milwaukee and San Antonio


    What Do Teachers Teach? A Survey of America's Fourth and Eighth Grade Teachers


    High School Graduation Rates in Washington State


    State of New York City Public Schools 2002


    2001 Education Freedom Index


    High School Graduation Rates in the United States


    The Tip of the Iceberg: SURR Schools and Academic Failure in New York City


    New York City's Public Schools: The Facts About Spending and Performance


    School Choice & Government Reform: Pillars of Urban Renaissance


    An Evaluation of the Florida A-Plus Accountability and School Choice Program


    Education Freedom Index


    State of New York City Public Schools


    The Effect of School Choice: An Evaluation of the Charlotte Children's Scholarship Fund Program


    A Survey of Results from Voucher Experiments: Where We Are and What We Know


    Does Charter School Competition Improve Traditional Public Schools?


    Charter Schools in New York: A New Era


    Achievement and Oppurtunity: Keys to Quality Education


    School Finance Reform: A Case for Vouchers


    School Finance Reform: A Case for Vouchers


    Transforming American Education


    Transforming America's Cities


    The New York City Teachers' Union Contract: Shackling Principals' Leadership


    Saving Public Schools


    The Wealth of Cities


    The Whitman Tax Cuts: Real Gains For New Jersey Taxpayers